L'HORTICULTURE URBAINE A OUAGADOUGOU: CARACTERISATION ET PROSPECTIVE
Lhorticulture urbaine résout des problèmes réels en ville: sécurité alimentaire, chômage, insertion sociale, assainissement de lenvironnement, création despaces verts.
Et pourtant, en dépit de ses fonctions vitales dans les pays en développement, elle y souffre d'un manque de reconnaissance et de poids économique, qui se justifient par sa demande en ressources rares et les risques sanitaires et environnementaux que sa pratique peut faire encourir.
Cette situation sillustre bien à travers le cas spécifique de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso, terrain dobservation de la présente étude, dont lobjet est de faire une analyse prospective de lactivité agricole dans cette ville, et de fournir des informations pour laide à la décision relative à son expansion.
La caractérisation faite à partir des données collectées sur le terrain en appelle à une activité dominée par lhorticulture maraichère et qui alimente le marché ouagalais à plus de 90% en fruits et légumes.
Les exploitants sont assujettis à la disponibilité rare et controversée de la ressource foncière et hydrique ainsi quau caractère rudimentaire des équipements utilisés, la pauvreté des sols, et les risques sanitaires encourus par lutilisation des eaux usées non épurées, des engrais chimiques et des pesticides.
Le profil de lagriculteur de la ville de Ouagadougou nest pas, non plus pour autant favorable à une conduite prospère de cette activité. La plupart des exploitants ne sont pas instruits et ne disposent pas de connaissances agro-pédologique, économique, environnemental et sanitaire.
Au centre des contraintes auxquelles le développement de lagriculture urbaine se confronte à Ouagadougou, se trouve la question foncière et linsécurité dans laquelle elle place les acteurs désireux dinvestir pour le développement de la filière.
Linventaire spatial révèle lexistence de 102 sites agricoles répartis sur 35 zones.
Cet inventaire prouve que loin de sestomper, lactivité agricole ne cesse de se croître malgré sa presque interdiction alimentée par le caractère juridique flou qui lentoure et les contraintes qui la caractérisent.
Ladoption du SDAGO horizon 2025, un document denvergure national adopté en Conseil des ministres, consacre lespace vert à réhabiliter sur le territoire de la commune.
Cest alors le tremplin idéal pour donner à cet espace toute sa fonction nourricière et faire ainsi de lhorticulture urbaine à Ouagadougou une réalité qui lui permettrait de participer à lédification des villes agricoles ou villes de lavenir de Mougeot (2006).
Abstract:
Horticulture in urban areas is a solution to real problems such as food security, unemployment, social integration, environment issues, green space creation and so on. Nevertheless, in spite of its vital functions in developing countries, urban horticulture suffers from a lack of recognition and carries little economic weight. This is explained by its use of scarce resources and the health and environmental risks associated with its practice. This situation is well put in evidence in the specific case of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, the city that features as the subject of field research conducted for this article. The study aims at making a forward-looking analysis of the agricultural activity in this city and to supply information for the decision-making support relative to its expansion. The characterization made from field data unveils an activity dominated by truck farming that provisions the urban markets of the city with more than 90% of its intake of fruits and vegetables. Truck farmers are subjected to the scarcity and controversial availability of land and water resources, as well as to the rudimentary character of the equipments used, the poor quality of soils, and the health risks associated with the use of untreated waste water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The skills of Ouagadougous farmers are not adequate enough to sustain a prosperous agricultural activity. Indeed, most of them had no formal schooling or training and do not have the required knowledge of agro-pedagogical, economic, environmental and sanitary issues. The key challenge facing the development of the agricultural activity in Ouagadougou is land use and access and the insecurity that deters investors from committing resources to the development of the sector. A spatial inventory reveals the existence of 102 agricultural sites distributed on 35 zones. This inventory proves that far from receding or being pushed aside, the agricultural activity does not stop growing in spite of a quasi-ban due to the fuzzy legal character that surrounds it and the constraints that characterizes it. The adoption of the SDAGO horizon 2025, a national large-scale document adopted during the Council of Ministers, designates green spaces to be rehabilitated on the municipalitys territory. It is then the ideal springboard to give to this space all its enriching functions and turn urban horticulture in Ouagadougou into a practice that can contribute to the to the real construction of Mougeots (2006) agricultural cities or cities of the future.
Abstract:
Horticulture in urban areas is a solution to real problems such as food security, unemployment, social integration, environment issues, green space creation and so on. Nevertheless, in spite of its vital functions in developing countries, urban horticulture suffers from a lack of recognition and carries little economic weight. This is explained by its use of scarce resources and the health and environmental risks associated with its practice. This situation is well put in evidence in the specific case of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, the city that features as the subject of field research conducted for this article. The study aims at making a forward-looking analysis of the agricultural activity in this city and to supply information for the decision-making support relative to its expansion. The characterization made from field data unveils an activity dominated by truck farming that provisions the urban markets of the city with more than 90% of its intake of fruits and vegetables. Truck farmers are subjected to the scarcity and controversial availability of land and water resources, as well as to the rudimentary character of the equipments used, the poor quality of soils, and the health risks associated with the use of untreated waste water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The skills of Ouagadougous farmers are not adequate enough to sustain a prosperous agricultural activity. Indeed, most of them had no formal schooling or training and do not have the required knowledge of agro-pedagogical, economic, environmental and sanitary issues. The key challenge facing the development of the agricultural activity in Ouagadougou is land use and access and the insecurity that deters investors from committing resources to the development of the sector. A spatial inventory reveals the existence of 102 agricultural sites distributed on 35 zones. This inventory proves that far from receding or being pushed aside, the agricultural activity does not stop growing in spite of a quasi-ban due to the fuzzy legal character that surrounds it and the constraints that characterizes it. The adoption of the SDAGO horizon 2025, a national large-scale document adopted during the Council of Ministers, designates green spaces to be rehabilitated on the municipalitys territory. It is then the ideal springboard to give to this space all its enriching functions and turn urban horticulture in Ouagadougou into a practice that can contribute to the to the real construction of Mougeots (2006) agricultural cities or cities of the future.
Kedowide Mevo Guezo, C. (2014). L'HORTICULTURE URBAINE A OUAGADOUGOU: CARACTERISATION ET PROSPECTIVE . Acta Hortic. 1021, 153-166
DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1021.13
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1021.13
DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1021.13
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1021.13
horticulture, maraîchage, agriculture urbaine, système d'information géographique (SIG), Ouagadougou
horticulture, truck farming, urban agriculture, geographical information system (GIS), Ouagadougou
horticulture, truck farming, urban agriculture, geographical information system (GIS), Ouagadougou
French