SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION IN OPEN, SEMI-CLOSED AND CLOSED LOOP HEAT PUMP GREENHOUSE SYSTEMS, AND ASSOCIATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN CANADA

The specific objective of this study was to investigate national spatiotemporal distributions and spatial correlations of energy and water consumption in open, semi-closed and completely closed greenhouse systems in continental Canada. Latitude, longitude, and altitude all significantly predicted total energy and water consumptions. Semi-closed and closed heat pump systems were the most energy and water conserving systems, respectively. Semi-closed and closed systems at lower latitudes had more water consumptions while open systems at higher latitudes had more compared to those at lower latitudes. Locations close to the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts as well as the Great Lakes region had the lowest energy and lower water consump¬tions in all systems. This study also revealed potentially a new greenhouse region in the Atlantic Canada, Nova Scotia.