Chrysanthemums genome: an in-depth study must be performed!

Chrysanthemum is classified as a globally important floriculture species with medicinal uses and ornamental values. Chrysanthemum breeding programs need to be developed and advanced through the traditional breeding to molecular breeding. The progress of molecular breeding relies on the identification of linked-novel molecular markers for flower color, flower shape, growth habit, and connected to other agronomic traits. However, most of these studies are not sufficiently well studied by inbreeding depression, self-incompatibility, allohexaploid, heterozygosity, and big genome size. Notwithstanding, a few chrysanthemum genetic studies have designed genetic linkage maps and assembled molecular marker identification linking to flower color and shape, leaf, and important trait. The chrysanthemum sequencing project has been continuing to construct reference genetic information data set and identifying responsible sequence for launching and developing fundamental resources in wild chrysanthemum species. In this review, we represented the ongoing tools of genetic mapping, QTL, GWAS, transcriptome, and miRNA study in chrysanthemum and concisely discussed the prospects.