The historical pedigree of the Almond Breeding Program at CEBAS-CSIC, Spain

The constructed pedigree is composed of ~14,000 individuals and derived from current and historic phenotypic records dating back more than 30 years. In general, the coefficient of inbreeding was low in this breeding program. A reduced number of around 36 can be ranked as the “main” founders of the Almond Breeding Program (ABP), with the heirloom almond cultivar “Tuono” providing the largest number of descendants (11147). The completed pedigree built here, will be use to estimate breeding values, and to rank individuals according to their breeding values. The whole information will be used to guide future crossing designs in the almond breeding program and future implementation of genomic selection methods in almond.