Carbon footprint of conventional and organic citrus farming in Italy

The Mediterranean citrus sector, especially in Italy, is characterised by sustainable production methods aimed at quality products, and at the same time by a profound economic crisis linked to climate change with which the entire agricultural sector must contend. In recent years, consumer preferences have shifted towards more sustainable purchasing choices, with an increasing number of individuals including greener products in their diet. This is due to a growing awareness of the impacts of conventional farming practices, as well as a growing interest in the wholesomeness, nutrition and safety of food. The study has the purpose of highlighting the carbon footprint (CF) of conventional and organic oranges to elect the most sustainable. The analysis was conducted following the life cycle approach and thus the carbon footprint methodology according to ISO 14067. This makes it possible to quantify the tonnes of CO₂-equivalent produced for production of 1 kg of oranges. The results showed a lower impact of organic product compared to conventional one. The reduced environmental impact and the increasing willingness to pay of consumers concerned for the health of themselves and the planet, should translate into a more remunerative citrus fruit market for the farmer who is faced with ever greater challenges. Recent consumer trends show a focus on CF irrespective of the production method while confirming the preference for organic farming.