Advances in studies on adventitious root formation determined by juvenility and auxin in plants

Propagating horticulture and forestry crops through cutting is a crucial method. The primary objective in reproduction is to stimulate explants to develop adventitious roots. Adventitious root formation represents a remarkable plant organ regenerative process, involving biological mechanisms such as cell dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. This phenomenon is influenced by various factors, including genetic characteristics and the external environment. Notably, the role of juvenility and auxin in regulating adventitious root formation has received considerable attention. Several recent studies have investigated the impact of juvenility and the synergistic interaction between juvenility and auxin on adventitious root formation. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cooperative regulation of adventitious rooting in leafy cuttings of apple rootstocks and offers future perspectives in this area.