Regulation of stone cell lignification in pear fruit

Stone cells are a unique characteristic of pear fruit, and their abundance can negatively impact fruit texture and consumer satisfaction. To accelerate the genetic improvement of stone cell content in pear fruit, it is essential to investigate the gene regulatory networks involved in stone cell formation. Here, we will review the developmental characteristics of stone cells in pear fruit. We will explore the biosynthetic pathways within pear stone cells and the gradual establishment of their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks. Furthermore, we will discuss various signaling pathways closely associated with stone cell formation. Finally, we will outline prospects and unresolved questions that remain in stone cell formation toward the improvement of fruit crops.