RELEVANCE OF PHYTOALEXINS - A CRITICAL REVIEW | International Society for Horticultural Science

Abstract

Phytoalexins are one component of a multicomponent system for plant defense against pathogens. Most reports in the literature are concerned with the role of phytoalexins in resistance to disease caused by fungi, fewer relate phytoalexin accumulation to resistance to disease caused by bacteria, and this author is unaware of a report attributing resistance to viruses to their accumulation. Since plants and their pathogens have coevolved, both influence the outcome of their interaction. Plants and their pathogens coexist and have evolved dynamic strategies for survival. How this balance for coexistence is transiently tipped in favor of plant or pathogen as it relates to phytoalexins is the subject of this review.

381_1 DO NATURAL PLANT PHENOLS PLAY A ROLE IN ECOLOGY?
381_2 TOPICS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF PLANT PHENOLS
381_3 IN VITRO-STUDIES ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF GALLOTANNINS AND ELLAGITANNINS
381_4 THE ENZYMATICAL FORMATION OF A DIMERIC PRODUCT OF FERULIC ACID FROM THE MICROSOMAL FRACTION OF ZEA MAYSL.
381_5 COMPARTMENTATION IN PHENOLIC METABOLISM
381_6 INVESTIGATION OF CONIFERIN COMPARTMENTATION IN DEVELOPING XYLEM OF CONIFERS DURING LIGNIFICATION
381_7 LOCALIZATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN AGING SEEDS OF BRASSICA NAPUS AND DURING THEIR IMBIBITION
381_8 CELL TYPE AND ORGANELLE SPECIFIC ACCUMULATION AND TRANSTONOPLAST TRANSPORT OF FLAVONOIDS IN BARLEY LEAVES
381_9 ELICITOR-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE PHENOL METABOLISM OF SUSPENSION-CULTURED CARROT CELLS
381_10 GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF FLAVONOIDS
381_11 THE USE OF ANTISENSE TECHNOLOGY TO MODIFY CONDENSED TANNIN ACCUMULATION IN TRANSGENIC LOTUS CORNICULATUS
381_12 AN ‘ANTISENSE’ STRATEGY FOR THE GENETIC MANIPULATION OF CONDENSED TANNIN AND ISOFLAVONOID PHYTOALEXIN ACCUMULATION IN TRANSGENIC LOTUS CORNICULATUS L.
381_13 UDPG 7-O-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN FLOWER EXTRACTS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM SEGETUM
381_14 CHARACTERISATION OF FLAVONOID O-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES FROM ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA)
381_15 CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF FLAVONOIDS IN UNINOCULATED AND RHIZOBIUM-CHALLENGED OR INFECTED ROOTS OF LOTUS PEDUNCULATUS
381_16 GENE ACTIVATION IN LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS: PATTERNS OF PROMOTER ACTIVITY OF A TOBACCO CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE GENE
381_17 INHERITANCE OF TAXIFOLIN-GLUCOSIDE IN OPEN-POLLINATED PROGENY OF SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.).
381_18 BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS CONTROLLING THE FORMATION OF PHENOLS IN PLANTS
381_19 ROLE OF DIFFERENT METABOLIC SOURCES OF L-PHENYLALANINE IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF FLAVONOIDS
381_20 CROSS-INDUCTION OF DEFENSIVE PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAYS IN PARSLEY PLANTS BY OZONE
381_21 ELICITOR INDUCTION OF STILBENE METABOLISM IN SCOTS PINE CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES
381_22 EXPRESSION OF CHALCONE SYNTHASE GENE IN WALNUT
381_23 MODES OF EXPRESSION OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE AND CHALCONE SYNTHASE IN ELICITOR-TREATED CARROT CELL CULTURES
381_24 ELICITOR MEDIATED PHYTOALEXIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN TRANSGENIC ROOT CULTURES OF LOTUS CORNICULATUS.
381_25 SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION OF PHYTOALEXINS IN ALFALFA
381_26 ISOFLAVONOID CONJUGATES AND THEIR RESPONSE TO DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE AND ABIOTIC STRESS IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L).
381_27 CYTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF DIFFERENT ESTERASE ACTIVITIES RELATED TO PHENOLICS SYNTHESIS AS A PREVENTION AGAINST HIGH LIGHT INTENSITY IN THE LICHEN CLADONIA VERTICILLARIS
381_28 INVOLVEMENT OF HIGH IRRADIANCE-MEDIATED CYCLIC AMP RESPONSE ON DEPSIDES ACCUMULATION IN THE LICHEN EVERNIA PRUNASTRI
381_29 PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM OF SPHAGNUM AND NUTRIENT STRESS
381_30 CONSTITUTIVE AND ELICITOR-INDUCED XANTHONES IN CELL CULTURES OF CENTAURIUM ERYTHRAEA AND CENTAURIUM LITTORALE
381_31 PLANT DEFENCE IN ALFALFA PSEUDONODULES INDUCED BY AN EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE (EPS I) - DEFICIENT SYMBIONT (RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI)
381_32 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF CHLOROGENIC ACID DURING DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEE SEEDLINGS
381_33 THE PHENOLS IN THE WAX AND IN THE SUBERIN POLYMER OF GREEN COTTON FIBRES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
381_34 CELL WALL-BOUND PHENOLS IN DATE PALM LEAVES AND ROOTS. IDENTIFICATION AND HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION.
381_35 CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE POLYMORPHISM AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF LIGNIN HETEROGENEITY
381_36 TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT AND PHENOL OXIDIZING ENZYMES ACTIVITIES IN DETACHED COTTON ROOTS INOCULATED WITH VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE KLEB
381_37 THE METABOLISM OF MEDICARPIN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L)
381_38 GLUCOSYLATION AS RESPONSE TO PHENOLIC ALLELOCHEMICALS
381_39 PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS
381_40 ACTIVE OXYGEN AND FUNGITOXICITY OF PLANT PHENOLS
381_41 A RESEARCH MODEL ON FLAVONOIDS AS PHOTOPROTECTORS: STUDIES ON THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF KAEMPFEROL AND PELARGONIDIN
381_42 FLAVONOIDS AS UV-PROTECTANT
381_43 INFLUENCE OF UV ON FURANOCOUMARINS IN RUTA GRAVEOLENS LEAVES
381_44 DETOXIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE PRESENCE OF APOPLASTIC PHENOLS
381_45 SALICYLIC ACID LEVELS IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA AFTER TREATMENTS WITH PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE OR SYNTHETIC INDUCERS
381_46 SALICYLIC ACID AND CHITINASE IN INFECTED CUCUMBER PLANTS
381_47 SALICYLIC ACID CONTENT IN CUCUMBER PLANTS INFECTED WITH PSEUDOMONAS LACHRYMANS AND TOBACCO NECROSIS VIRUS
381_48 SALICYLIC ACID: A SIGNAL SUBSTANCE PRODUCED UPON ELICITING POTATO LEAVES WITH ARACHIDONIC ACID?
381_49 METABOLISM OF SALICYLIC ACID IN TOBACCO NICOTIANA TABACUM.
381_50 INCREASE OF STRESS RESISTANCE IN CROP PLANTS BY USING PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
381_51 EFFECT OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY ON ACCUMULATION AND LEAKAGE OF THE STRESS METABOLITE PRUNIN
381_52 CHLOROGENIC ACID - AN INDEPENDENT MORPHGENESIS REGULATOR OR A COFACTOR
381_53 PHENOLS IN ROOTS OF PEACH CLONES IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE AGAINST ROOT KNOT NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA
381_54 CYTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF UREASE ACTIVITY IN THE CELL WALLS OF LICHEN XANTHORIA PARIETINA AND THE EFFECT OF ENDOGENOUS PHENOLICS ON UREASE ACTIVITY
381_55 INFLUENCE OF NATURAL PHENOLS ON TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE-RHIZOBIUM TRIFOLII SYMBIOSIS
381_56 INFLUENCE OF POLYPHENOLS IN THE LITTER DECOMPOSITION OF AUTOCHTHONOUS (QUERCUS ILEX L, QUERCUS SUBER L, PINUS PINEA L, CISTUS LADANIFER L, AND HALIMIUM HALIMIFOLIUM W.K) AND INTRODUCED SPECIES (EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS L, AND EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS D) IN THE SOUTHWEST OF SPAIN
381_57 PORTUGUESE BEE-POLLEN AS A SOURCE OF FLAVONOIDS
381_58 NATURAL PHENOLS AS STRESS METABOLITES
381_59 EFFECTS OF OZONE AND UV-B RADIATION ON SCOTS PINE.
381_60 ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF INDUCED SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES OF FAGUS SYLVATICA
381_61 THE ACTIVITY OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE IN APPLE LEAVES AFTER WOUNDING
381_62 SURFACTANT-INDUCED CHANGES IN PHENOL CONTENT OF APPLE LEAVES AND FRUIT SKINS
381_63 PHENOLIC BIOSYNTHESIS IN RELATION TO MOISTURE STRESS IN MARIGOLD (TAGETES ERECTA L)
381_64 WATER STRESS INDUCED CHANGES IN PHENOL COMPOSITION OF LEAVES AND PHLOEM OF PRUNUS AVIUM L.
381_65 FLAVANOL ACCUMULATION IN APRICOT GRAFTS AS A RESPONSE TO INCOMPATIBILITY STRESS
381_66 STIGMATIC PHENOLS AND FLOWER RECEPTIVITY IN KIWI (ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA).
381_67 CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT PLANT ORGANS TO THE ACCUMULATION AND SECRETION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN GLUTATHIONE-TREATED CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM) SEEDLINGS
381_68 CONCENTRATIONS OF FURANOCOUMARINS UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS AND THEIR HISTOLOGICAL LOCALIZATION
381_69 ACCUMULATION OF PHYTOALEXINS SCOPARONE AND SCOPOLETIN IN CITRUS FRUITS SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS
381_70 RELEVANCE OF PHYTOALEXINS - A CRITICAL REVIEW
381_71 SHORT TIME INDUCTION DEFENSE OF A LEUCE POPLAR CLONE (P. TREMULA X P. TREMULOÏDES) AGAINST CHRYSOMELA TREMULAE - PROPAGATION AND EVOLUTION
381_72 CHANGES IN BIRCH LEAF TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT AND THE ACTIVITY OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE AND POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ASSOCIATED WITH GYPSY MOTH FEEDING
381_73 THE OCCURANCE OF PICEIN AND P-HYDROXYACETOPHENONE IN SPRUCE NEEDLES AND THE EFFECT OF THE MONOPHENOL ON THE GROWTH OF DIFFERENT FOREST PATHOGENS.
381_74 PHENOLIC ACIDS IN THE RESISTANCE OF WHEAT TO STEM RUST
381_75 TOTAL PHENOLS AND PHYTOALEXINS ACCUMULATION IN COFFEE LEAVES INFECTED WITH HEMILEIA VASTATRIX BERK ET BR. AND PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE
381_76 A CRUCIAL ROLE OF PHENOLIC METABOLISM IN RESISTANCE OF CARNATIONS TO WILT DISEASES
381_77 PHENOLICS IN THE INTERACTION PSEUDOMONAS SP./ DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS / FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. DIANTHI
381_78 PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN BARLEY VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT DEGREE OF PARTIAL RESISTANCE AGAINST POWDERY MILDEW
381_79 A POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID IN CELERY RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS DURING STORAGE
381_80 LINEAR FURANOCOUMARINS AND APIUM PROSTRATUM/SPODOPTERA EXIGUA INTERACTIONS
381_81 IMPLICATIONS OF CHANGING PATTERNS OF LINEAR FURANOCOUMARINS IN CELERY WITH PLANT GROWTH, PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS, AND INSECT FEEDING
381_82 PHENOLIC AND SOME OTHER FURANOCOUMARINS IN ANGELICA ROOTS TREATED WITH FUNGI
381_83 DETOXIFICATION OF TWO GENISTA MONOSPERMA LAM. ISOFLAVONES BY ITS PARASITE ARMILLARIA MELLEA VAHL (KUHN)
381_84 DEGRADATION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS BY BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM HYDROPONIC TOMATO CULTURE WITH CIRCULATING NUTRIENT SOLUTION
381_85 PREFORMED PHENOLS AS RESISTANCE FACTORS
381_86 THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF RESISTANCE IN CHICKPEAS, CICER ARIETINUM L., TO FUSARIUM WILT, FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. CICERI
381_87 PLANT PHENOLICS IN ELMS (ULMUS SPP.) INFECTED BY DUTCH ELM DISEASE FUNGUS (OPHIOSTOMA ULMI).
381_88 RESISTANCE FACTORS OF A WILD SPECIES OF SUNFLOWER, HELIANTHUS RESINOSUS, TO SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM.
381_89 PHENOLIC ACIDS IN LEAF AND BARK TISSUES OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT APPLE VARIETIES
381_90 RESISTANCE OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM) TO DODDER (CUSCUTA REFLEXA)
381_91 SOLUBLE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM CUSCUTA REFLEXA AND CUSCUTA PLATYLOBA
381_92 MODE OF ACTION OF SIMPLE PHENOLS ON THE DIGESTABILITY AND INGESTABILITY OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER OSTRINIA NUBILALIS
381_93 IDENTIFICATION OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES FROM PRUNUS AVIUM LEAVES WHICH INDUCE THE PRODUCTION OF SYRINGOMYCIN BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV. SYRINGAE
381_94 PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND RESISTANCE OF YAM (DIOSCOREA ALATA) TO ANTHRACNOSE CAUSED BY COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES
381_95 THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN RED RASPBERRY RESISTANCE TO DIDYMELLA APPLANATA (NIESSL) SACC
381_96 ROLE OF PIGMENTS AND TANNINS IN THE REACTION OF TAN AND RED NEAR-ISOGENIC SORGHUM LINES TO LEAF DISEASES
381_97 THE RESPONSE OF GROWTH AND SECONDARY METABOLISM TO MELAMPSORA RUSTS IN FIELD CULTIVATED WILLOW (SALIX) CLONES
381_98 DO PHENOLICS FROM THE PARASITIC WEED STRIGA INHIBIT HOST GROWTH?
381_99 THE APPEARANCE OF PHENOLICS IN TOMATO LEAF TISSUES EXPOSED TO SPIDER MITE ATTACK
381_100 PHENOLICS IN RICE PHLOEM SAP AS SUCKING DETERRENTS TO THE BROWN PLANTHOPPER, NILAPARVATA LUGENS
381_101 THE CHARACTERISTIC WEAK GLYCOSIDIC BONDING OF FLAVONOID 5-GLUCOSIDES FROM PRUNUS CERASUS BARK AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESISTANCE AGAINST CYTOSPORA PERSOONII
381_102 ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS IN RELATION TO DEGREE OF HYDROXYLATION, METHOXYLATION AND GLYCOSIDATION
381_103 POLYPHENOLS WITH ALGICIDAL ACTIVITY IN THE SUBMERGED MACROPHYTE MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.
381_104 FOOD QUALITY OF SPRUCE NEEDLES AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE LITTLE SPRUCE SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ABIETINA CHRIST (HYM., TENTHREDINIDAE). THE PROTEIN PRECIPITATING ABILITY OF THE YOUNG NEEDLES.
381_105 PLANT POLYPHENOLS - A CASE OF BIOCHEMICAL CO-EVOLUTION?
381_106 NATURAL CONTENT OF PHENOLS AND TANNIN IN QUERCUS ROBUR LEAVES RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT OF EUPROCTIS CHRYSORRHOEA CATERPILLARS
381_107 COLOUR RESISTANCE OF WOOD SURFACE PAINTED WITH TANNIN-BASED STAINS
381_108 TANNIN ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES THROUGH IRON DEPRIVATION: A NEW HYPOTHESIS
381_109 POLYPHENOLS AND RESISTANCE OF POPLAR (POPULUS SPP.) TO MISTLETOE (VISCUM ALBUM L.)
381_110 POLYPHENOLS AND RESISTANCE OF GRAPEVINES TO DOWNY MILDEW
381_111 ACCUMULATION OF FLAVANOLS IN CHERRY LEAVES AFTER INFECTION BY THE FUNGUS BLUMERIELLA JAAPII
381_112 EFFECT OF FUNGAL INFECTION ON ELLAGITANNINS AND FLAVANOLS OF RASPBERRY ROOTS (RUBUS IDAEUS L.)
381_113 HPLC-METHOD TO DETERMINE COMPLETE PHENOLIC PATTERNS IN ROSACEOUS PLANTS CONTAINING ELLAGITANNINS
381_114 SOME PROBLEMS IN THE DETERMINATION OF TANNINS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
381_115 DETERMINATION OF CATECHINS AND PROCYANIDINS IN PLANT EXTRACTS - A COMPARISON OF METHODS
381_116 HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF CATECHINS AND PROCYANIDINS
381_117 THE LOCALIZATION OF PHENOLS AT THE CELLULAR AND TISSUE LEVEL
381_118 DOES THE RESEARCH ON PLANT PHENOLS HOLD OUT PROSPECTS IN INTEGRATED PLANT PRODUCTION? - CONCLUSION
381_119 DOES THE RESEARCH ON PLANT PHENOLS HOLD OUT PROSPECTS IN INTEGRATED PLANT PRODUCTION? - PLANT NUTRITION / PLANT PRODUCTION
381_120 DOES THE RESEARCH ON PLANT PHENOLS HOLD OUT PROSPECTS IN INTEGRATED PLANT PRODUCTION? - A BIOCHEMIST'S VIEW
381_121 DOES THE RESEARCH ON PLANT PHENOLS HOLD OUT PROSPECTS IN INTEGRATED PLANT PRODUCTION? - AN INDUSTRY VIEW
381_122 DOES THE RESEARCH ON PLANT PHENOLS HOLD OUT PROSPECTS IN INTEGRATED PLANT PRODUCTION? - A PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL OUTLOOK

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RELEVANCE OF PHYTOALEXINS - A CRITICAL REVIEW

Acta Horticulturae