GROWER ACCEPTANCE OF IPM PROGRAMS FOR TROPICAL TREE AND VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA

IPM programs have been developed and promoted for tropical tree and vegetable crops in the Northern Territory of Australia. These were based on educating farmers about the biology and ecology of the main arthropod pests and beneficials, cultural techniques, monitoring insects and the use of less disruptive pesticides. IPM practices were tested on cooperator properties over the past few years with very promising results. It was shown that the key pests of these crops could be effectively controlled with the naturally occurring biocontrol agents or the use of commercially available lacewings, ladybirds and mite predators provided that broad spectrum insecticides are kept to a minimum. Growers were advised to apply pesticides only after assessing the monitoring results and to use formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis, vegetable and petroleum spray oils or high concentration potassium soaps against most pests. When required, the use of trichlorfon as a “softer” chemical option was recommended. In tree crops, best results were achieved in mixed orchards of at least several species since the biocontrol agents could move between trees as growth patterns and pest populations changed over the year. Many conventional cultural practices are very important in reducing pest pressure in tropical vegetable crops but their adoption has been slow. Grower acceptance of IPM principles and practices will be discussed in relation to the various grower groups, with particular reference to the tree crops mango, citrus, rambutan and jackfruit and the non-English speaking producers of tropical vegetables.