MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION OF BOTANICALS

Authentication of botanical material is a critical step in the use of these materials for both research purposes and commercial preparation. Microscopic evaluation and comparison of authenticated and unauthenticated samples of whole, cut, or powdered plant material is a cost effective and accurate means of identifying herbal ingredients. Microscopy can be a useful tool for the detection of botanical and non-botanical adulterants such as pharmaceutical drugs, microbial contaminants, and inorganic materials. Advances in microscope technology and improvements in light, fluorescence, phase contrast, and scanning electron microscopes have improved the accuracy and capabilities of microscopy as a means of botanical authentication. Organoleptic analysis, used in combination with advanced microscopy equipment, provides further accuracy for botanical authentication.