ESSENTIAL OIL OF GARLIC ACCESSION (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) FROM BRAZIL IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO

The therapeutic activity of garlic is very extensive and can combat cardio-vascular endocrine diseases, acting as anti-neoplastic and also has antimicrobial, anti-oxidants and helps the immune system. The pharmacological effect of garlic has been attributed to sulfur compounds obtained by the degradation of allicin, abundant in the tissues of the plant. The state of São Paulo has some garlic accessions and the IAC through germplasm bank has been developing new and more productive cultivars with better medicines. This work aims to characterize the volatile fraction of 41 accessions based on sulfur compounds which attribute medicinal properties to the plant in order to identify the best cultivars based on qualitative and quantitative aspects of the main active ingredients present in the characteristics associated traits. The extraction of essential oils was done by hydrodistillation. The chemical analysis was conducted on a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer identification of chemical constituents was performed using the comparative analysis of mass spectra of substances with the database of the GC-MS and retention index. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Scott-Knott test. To perform the analysis, we considered each individual treatment, with 3 replicates of injection and each chemical was considered a variable to the already adopted agronomic statistically, the Scott-Knott. It was observed that the yield and relative proportions of principal components for the 41 accessions showed some differences. The yield ranged from 0.02 to 0.38%, while the relative proportion of diallyl disulphide diallyl trisulphide, diallyl tetrasulphide, methyl allyl disulphide, methyl allyl trisulphide, ranged from 1.13 to 51.06%, 27.86 to 57.06%, 0,55 to 21.35%, 1.42 to 7.64% and 0.88 to 12.33% respectively.