Global Kiwifruit Industrial Development Conference

Kiwifruit (Actinidia), also called Yang Tao or Mao Tao in Chinese language, is the temperate berry with delicious flavour mixed with sour and sweet. It is regarded as the fruit of high content and rich dietary fiber, plus 17 kinds of amino acids and 14 kinds of mineral elements. Among 27 kinds of common fruits, kiwifruit is the one of highest nutrient density with good functions for nutritional and healthful improvement. Early in the period of Pre-Qin Dynasty, kiwifruit was recorded in The Book of Songs and later in the following dynasties was introduced by medicinal annals describing its medical functions and health benefits. Kiwifruit, originated from China's mountains, now has been a fashionable fruit enjoyed by consumers worldwide.

Shaanxi, an original place of kiwifruit and also optimum and major area for kiwifruit growing in China, is of unique advantages and foundation for kiwifruit industry. Four most important advantages make Shaanxi province stand out in kiwifruit industry: i) ecological environment, due to locations in the north slope of Qinling Mountains and Qinling-Ba mountainous area where there is very good natural conditions for kiwifruit trees; ii) rich germplasm resources, due to Qinling mountains to be regarded as the gene bank containing plenty wild kiwifruit resources, out of which there have been 18 elite varieties selected and bred ripening in periods from early to late and with sarcocarp in green, yellow or red color; iii) science and technology, due to dependence on the support from Yangling State Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone and Northwest A&F University, which makes whole supply chain of kiwifruit industry covering breeding, cultivation, storage, packaging, transportation and marketing well integrated by technological and standards system; iv) marketing, due to famous brand of kiwifruit developed by leading companies and marketing teams through integrating the organic fruits strategy and protected designation of origin (PDO), which makes kiwifruit industry another highly competitive industry following apple in Shaanxi.

There is a popular saying that China's kiwifruit will follow the example of Shaanxi and Shaanxi's kiwifruit industry shall follow the example of Mei county where the major peak of Qinling Mountains is located. Mei county located in the core area of kiwifruit industry is already the main and best area of kiwifruit growing in Shaanxi. As early as in 1200 year ago in Tang dynasty, there was a poet called cén shēn who had a poem describing kiwifruit trees. Recent years, Mei county had a fast development in kiwifruit industry by making use of the unique advantages like appropriate locations, plenty variety resources, robust technical support and industrial circumstances. There are total kiwifruit cultivation area reaching 21,000 ha, accounting for one third of total kiwifruit growing area in Shaanxi province, one fifth of total kiwifruit growing area in China and one tenth of the world total. Total yield per year reached 460,000 t and output value reached RMB 3000 million yuan, which makes Mei county an iconic county of kiwifruit industry in Shaanxi or even in China.

To strengthen the cooperation with international institutions of kiwifruit for sharing the research achievements and exploring the cutting-edge technologies the World Kiwifruit Conference plus the 6th Shaanxi Kiwifruit Industrial Development Conference were organized as driving force for upgrading the kiwifruit industry in Shaanxi or even whole China.

The Global Kiwifruit Industrial Development Conference held from October 13 to 15, 2017 in Yangling city, Shaanxi Province, China with the theme as "let the world enjoy tasty kiwifruit" was sponsored by International Society for Horticultural Science and Chinese Society for Horticultural Science and jointly organized by Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Fruit Industry Bureau, People's Government of Baoji City and People's Government of Mei county.

There were 299 participants from world well-known kiwifruit research institutes of 16 countries or regions, such as New Zealand, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Korea and Japan. Domestically, there were 248 participants from 27 provinces or autonomous regions, 86 organizations, 15 universities, 36 research institutes and experts from major counties of kiwifruit growing. Among them, there were 75 participants who were master or Ph.D. candidates under age of 30. Apart from presentations, the conference received over 130 posters and papers which were reviewed by the expert panel and ten posters were granted the outstanding award.

The conference was comprised of three sessions: conference opening ceremony, field study in kiwifruit plantations and kiwifruit industry workshop. After the opening ceremony held on October 13 2017, the participants visited the kiwifruit plantations located in Tianjia village and Ningqu village of Mei county, kiwifruit experiment station of Northwest A&F University and other plantations in Zhouzhi county and Wugong county. Afterwards, the workshop on kiwifruit industry development was held in Yangling from October 14 to 15, 2017.

To commemorate the achievements generated from this conference, 25 papers selected from over 130 ones submitted were reviewed by the editorial board and published by the International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) as one special issue of Scripta Horticulturae (Number 20): Global Kiwifruit Industrial Development Conference, covering the topics ranging from breeding and genetics, cultivation and management, pest and disease control, robotic use for harvest, storage, nutrition to in-depth processing. The publication of the Scripta Horticulturae was to promote the exchange and share of the conference achievements and jointly improve the development of kiwifruit industry both in China and all over the world.

Prof. Zhande Liu
Chief scientist of Shaanxi Kiwifruit industry system,
Chief scientist of Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University kiwifruit experimental station

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Table of Contents:

Experiment station-based sci-tech innovation, demonstration and extension for Shaanxi kiwifruit industry
Zhande Liu, Guangzhe Liu, Zhiyao Ma, Zhixiong Gao and Haohao He

History, present, future of the kiwifruit industry
G. Costa

Kiwifruit cultivars
A.R. Ferguson

Breeding of red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars with high quality and promotion
Mingzhang Li, Yong Yin, Qiguo Zhuang, Lihua Wang, Yue Xie, Qian Zhang and Min Yuan

A new yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Nongda Jinmi'
Chunchao Yao, Jianjun Li, Junyi Yu and Zhande Liu

Kiwifruit breeding, new cultivars, and branding
A. Atak

Reports on three new cultivars of kiwifruit 'Miliang 2', 'Xiangbiyu' and 'Beimu' selected from western Hunan Province, Central South China
Shibiao Liu, Xiaoqi Xiang, Qijian Tian, Jifu Cheng and Zeliang Shi

Breeding tomorrow's healthy and tasty kiwifruit
R.G. Atkinson, X. Chen, A. Currie, K. Gunaseelan, N. Ileperuma, K.B. Marsh, A.J. Matich, N.J. Nieuwenhuizen, E.A. Popowski, A.G. Seal, E.J.F. Souleyre, M.Y. Wang, R.A. Winz and Y.-K. Yauk

Evaluation of eleven kiwifruit genotypes for tolerance to bicarbonate stress
Nan-nan Wang, Mengyuan Li, Haohao He, Zhande Liu, Chunchao Yao and Fengwang Ma

The effects of different organic foliar fertilizers on the fruit and leaves of 'Hongyang' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
H.J. Gong, K.Y. Ye, F.M. Wang, Q.S. Jiang, J.W. Li, Q.H. Mo and P.P. Liu

Evaluation of quality on six kiwifruit cultivars at developmental stage
Meiyan Tu, Shuxia Sun, Dong Chen, Jing Li, Guoliang Jiang, Mingzhang Li, Chunyang Liu and Haiyan Song

Kiwifruit plant growth and fruit yield and quality as influenced by fertilization with injection to the rhizosphere
Zhaobin Jing, Zhande Liu and Chunchao Yao

Optimising kiwifruit productivity in New Zealand
K.J. Patterson and M.B. Currie

Autotrophic rooting, acclimatization and transplant of Kiwifruit tissue culture seedlings
Wei Li, Zhande Liu and Zhiyao Ma

Antimicrobial activity analysis of extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis on kiwifruit fruit pathogenic bacteria
H. Shi, R.C. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Pang, Q. Zhou, J.B. Qi and F.F. Wang

Determination and analysis of aroma substances in four different kiwifruit cultivars by GC-MS
Jiannan Chen, Zhande Liu, Haohao He and Zhiyao Ma

Morphological observation of fruits and seeds and nutrient analysis of five wild kiwifruits in Yunnan Province
Yujie Ma, Wei Chen, Shiyu Wang, Yingyun He, Zhongrong Hu, Yao Chen and Kunming Li

Field experiment and design of kiwifruit harvesting robot
Longtao Mu, Yadong Liu, Yongjie Cui, Lipeng Chen, Haozhou Liu, Longsheng Fu and Yoshinori Gejima

Genome-wide analysis of WRKY transcription factor in kiwifruit
A'ling Zhang, Yanfei Liu, Zhande Liu and Zhiyao Ma

Identification and biocontrol of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Shaanxi Province, China
Zhaobin Jing, Zhande Liu, Chunchao Yao and Yu Ma

Rapid detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae by loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Lei Ding, Wen Yang, Yuanle Zhang, Zhande Liu, Qiaochun Wang, Lei Zhao and Yunfeng Wu

Nondestructive internal quality assessment of kiwifruit by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy
Jing Li, Tiao Ning, Ruili Zhang, Yu Zheng, Qingqing Li, Yongfa Yang, Jianying Chen and Biao Zen

Kiwifruit quality: management in the supply chain
J. Burdon

Sugars and organic acids changes in flesh (outer and inner cortex) of kiwifruit during development and postharvest
Yanfei Liu, Bin Zhou, Xin Chen, Hongzhi Meng, Zhande Liu and Xiaolin Ren

Cultivar, environment and integration of cultural practices will determine the future of the kiwifruit industry
Jinhu Wu