Articles
GIBBERELLINS AND CYTOKININS: A REVIEW©
Article number
1055_69
Pages
323 – 336
Language
English
Abstract
Gibberellins and cytokinins are considered to be part of the five major key hormones in plants.
The others are auxins, ethylene and absisic acid (Chen and Shepley, 1975). All five interact with each other to directly affect cell systems and indirectly by signaling pathways to maintain balanced ratios (Perilli et al., 2010; Perniosavá et al., 2011). Gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinins, are instrumental in many growth processes (Bernier 1988; Chen and Shepley, 1975; Heldt et al., 2011) such as initiation of floral parts, flowering itself, fruiting, leaf and stem morphology, and seed germination.
Changes in the ratios of GAs and cytokinins to each other and to the other hormones often result in distinct and divergent morphological features such as dwarfism, contorted or twisted growth, weeping forms, fastigate, and columnar forms and unique leaf forms (Figs. 1 and 2).
The others are auxins, ethylene and absisic acid (Chen and Shepley, 1975). All five interact with each other to directly affect cell systems and indirectly by signaling pathways to maintain balanced ratios (Perilli et al., 2010; Perniosavá et al., 2011). Gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinins, are instrumental in many growth processes (Bernier 1988; Chen and Shepley, 1975; Heldt et al., 2011) such as initiation of floral parts, flowering itself, fruiting, leaf and stem morphology, and seed germination.
Changes in the ratios of GAs and cytokinins to each other and to the other hormones often result in distinct and divergent morphological features such as dwarfism, contorted or twisted growth, weeping forms, fastigate, and columnar forms and unique leaf forms (Figs. 1 and 2).
Authors
H.W. Barnes
Keywords
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