Articles
Cherries in China: germplasm, history and current trends
Article number
1408_4
Pages
29 – 36
Language
English
Abstract
There are 53 species in subgenus Cerasus Miller in China, within 30 endemic species.
A quite number of them are used for ornamental, while most valuable species are grown for fruit, includes P. avium, P. pseudocerasus, P. cerasus, P. humilis, and P. tomentosa. Endemic P. pseudocerasus has been grown for 3000 to 5000 years, while P. avium was introduced in 1871. P. pseudocerasus matures very early, the fruits are small but very juicy and delicious, so-called small cherry, which is grown in central and southern part of China, covering about 40,000 ha.
Commercial sweet cherry orchards are mostly planted in the central and northern part of China, total planting scale reached around 233,334 ha, yielding 1,600,000 t in 2021. Main producers come from the following provinces or cities, they are Shandong, Liaoning (mostly in Dalian city), Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, Hebei, and Beijing, etc.
Central leader with pyramid structure is the most popularly used training system.
As for cultivars, in early 1980s and after, Hongdeng was very popularly grown.
Nowadays, Tieton, Brooks, Summit, Sunburst, Крупноплодная, Lapins, Rainier, Regina, Kordia, Russian 8, Hongmi, Jiahong, are grown in a large scale.
In recent years, more than 50 to 60 new cultivars are released from different breeding programs within China, such as Jingying 3, Luying 5, Micui.
New cultivars will be applied with good quality, stable yield, desired firmness, and longer shelf life in the near future.
Meanwhile, dwarfing, high-density, mechanization, standardization, and smart cultivation techniques would be widely applied and popularized in a large scale.
Modern high-density orchards are quantitively invested in each main production area, using dwarf or narrow tree canopies such as SSA, TS, KGB, UFO, etc.
Protected culture methods are developing rapidly to reduce production losses or early harvest, such as rain shelter culture and greenhouse culture.
Greenhouse culture is one of the best ways because of earlier ripening and good quality.
Other trend is standardization and cooperation of the whole industry.
The industry standardization would promote small scale farms to join by standardized field management, the classification and packaging, and further connect producers and consumers.
Nowadays, with the development of Internet of Things, smart cherry orchards are gradually emerged, especially for greenhouse to automatically control temperature, the humidity and fertilization.
A quite number of them are used for ornamental, while most valuable species are grown for fruit, includes P. avium, P. pseudocerasus, P. cerasus, P. humilis, and P. tomentosa. Endemic P. pseudocerasus has been grown for 3000 to 5000 years, while P. avium was introduced in 1871. P. pseudocerasus matures very early, the fruits are small but very juicy and delicious, so-called small cherry, which is grown in central and southern part of China, covering about 40,000 ha.
Commercial sweet cherry orchards are mostly planted in the central and northern part of China, total planting scale reached around 233,334 ha, yielding 1,600,000 t in 2021. Main producers come from the following provinces or cities, they are Shandong, Liaoning (mostly in Dalian city), Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, Hebei, and Beijing, etc.
Central leader with pyramid structure is the most popularly used training system.
As for cultivars, in early 1980s and after, Hongdeng was very popularly grown.
Nowadays, Tieton, Brooks, Summit, Sunburst, Крупноплодная, Lapins, Rainier, Regina, Kordia, Russian 8, Hongmi, Jiahong, are grown in a large scale.
In recent years, more than 50 to 60 new cultivars are released from different breeding programs within China, such as Jingying 3, Luying 5, Micui.
New cultivars will be applied with good quality, stable yield, desired firmness, and longer shelf life in the near future.
Meanwhile, dwarfing, high-density, mechanization, standardization, and smart cultivation techniques would be widely applied and popularized in a large scale.
Modern high-density orchards are quantitively invested in each main production area, using dwarf or narrow tree canopies such as SSA, TS, KGB, UFO, etc.
Protected culture methods are developing rapidly to reduce production losses or early harvest, such as rain shelter culture and greenhouse culture.
Greenhouse culture is one of the best ways because of earlier ripening and good quality.
Other trend is standardization and cooperation of the whole industry.
The industry standardization would promote small scale farms to join by standardized field management, the classification and packaging, and further connect producers and consumers.
Nowadays, with the development of Internet of Things, smart cherry orchards are gradually emerged, especially for greenhouse to automatically control temperature, the humidity and fertilization.
Publication
Authors
K.C. Zhang, Q.Z. Liu, F.R. Pan, G.H. Yan
Keywords
cherry germplasm, cultivars, greenhouse production, trends
Groups involved
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